Tense
1. Simple Present Tense
Rumus
Untuk subjek he, she, it:
Do not bisa disingkat don’t dan does not bisa
disingkat doesn’t.
Contoh:
(+): Sarimin goes to the market.
2. Simple Past Tense
Rumus:
Did not sering disingkat didn’t.
Contoh:
(+): She lived in Bandung last year.
3. Simple Future Tense
Rumus
Menggunakan going to:
Will not bisa juga diperpendek menjadi won’t.
Contoh:
(+): She is going to visit her grandmother next week
Simple present tense
Untuk subjek I, you, we, they:
Untuk subjek I, you, we, they:
Contoh
(+): Mereka bermain sebuah permainan.
(-): They don’t play a game.
(-): Mereka tidak bermain sebuah permainan.
(?): Do they play a game?
(?): Apakah mereka bermain sebuah permainan?
(+): Sarimin pergi ke pasar.
(-): Sarimin does not go to the market.
(-): Sarimin tidak pergi ke pasar.
(?): Does Sarimin go to the market?
(?): Apakah mereka bermain sebuah permainan?
(+): Sarimin pergi ke pasar.
(-): Sarimin does not go to the market.
(-): Sarimin tidak pergi ke pasar.
(?): Does Sarimin go to the market?
Simple past tense
Contoh
(+): He bought a book yesterday.
(+): Dia membeli buku kemarin.
(-): He did not buy a book yesterday.
(-): Dia tidak membeli buku kemarin.
(?): Did he buy a book yesterday?
(?): Apakah dia membeli buku kemarin?
(+): Dia tinggal di Bandung tahun lalu.
(-): She did not live in Bandung last year.
(-): Dia tidak tinggal di Bandung tahun lalu.
(?): Did she live in Bandung last year?
(?): Apakah dia tinggal di Bandung tahun lalu?
Simple future tense
Contoh
(+): He will come tonight.
(+): Dia akan datang malam ini.
(-): He will not come tonight.
(-): Dia tidak akan datang malam ini.
(?): Will he come tonight?
(?): Akankah dia datang malan ini?
(+): Dia akan mengunjungi neneknya minggu depan.
(-): She is not going to visit her grandmother next week.
(-): Dia tidak akan mengunjungi neneknya minggu depan.
(?): Is she going to visit her grandmother next week?
(?): Apakah dia akan mengunjungi neneknya minggu depan?
Present continuous tense
contoh
(+): He is sleeping.
(-): He is not sleeping.
(?): Is he sleeping?
Present perfect tense
(+): She has lived in Bandung since January.
(-): She has not lived in Bandung since January.
(?): Has she lived in Bandung since Januari?
(+): She has lived in Bandung since January.
(-): She has not lived in Bandung since January.
(?): Has she lived in Bandung since Januari?
Tense ini merupakan tense untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau peristiwa yang sudah selesai pada masa lalu atau aksi sudah dimulai pada masa lalu dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang.
(+): He has been sleeping.
(-): He has not been sleeping.
(?): Has he been sleeping?
Past perfect tense
(-): The bus had not left.
(-): Bus belum berangkat.
(?): Had the bus left?
(?): Apakah bus sudah berangkat?
Past continuous tense merupakan pola kalimat yang menunjukkan peristiwa yang yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
(+): S + was/were + Verb-ing
(-): S + was/were not + Verb-ing
(?): was/were + S + Verb-ing
(+): He was sleeping at this time last night.
(+): Dia sedang tidur pada saat ini kemarin malam.
(-): He was not sleeping at this time last night.
(-): Dia sedang tidak tidur pada saat ini kemarin malam.
(?): Was he sleeping at this time last night?
(?): Apakah dia sedang tidur pada saat ini kemarin malam?
Past perfect continuous tense merupakan pola kalimat untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian dengan durasi waktu tertentu yang telah selesai pada waktu tertentu pada masa lampau.
(+): S + had + been + Verb I-ing
(-): S + had not + been + Verb I-ing
(?): had + S + been + Verb-ing
(+): She had been sleeping.
(-): She had not been sleeping.
(?): Had she been sleeping?
Future perfect tense merupakan pola kalimat yang menunjukkan peristiwa yang akan sudah selesai pada suatu waktu di masa mendatang.
(+): S + will + have + V-3
(-): S + will not + have + V-3
(?): will + S + have + V-3
(+): She will have read.
(-): She will not have read.
(?): Will she have read?
Future continuous tense merupakan pola kalimat yang menunjukkan peristiwa yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa mendatang.
(+): S + will be + Verb I-ing
(-): S + will not be + Verb I-ing
(?): will + S + be + Verb-I-ing
(+): He will be playing.
(-): He will not be playing.
(?): Will he be playing?
Simple fast future tense merupakan pola kalimat untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan dilakukan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu.
Menggunakan would:
(+): S + would + V-1
(-): S + would not + V-1
(?): would + S + V-1
(+): S + was/were + going to + V-1
(-): S + was/were not + going to + V-1
(?): was/were + S + going to + V-1
(+): He would come.
(-): He would not come.
(?): Would he come?
(-): She was not going to visit her grandfather.
(?): Was she going to visit her grandfather?
Past future continuous tense merupakan pola kalimat untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan sedang dilakukan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang terjadi pada masa depan ketika berada di masa lalu.
(+): S + would/should + be + Verb I-ing
(-): S would/should not + be + Verb I-ing
(?): would/should + S + be + Verb I-ing
(+): She would be jumping.
(-): She would not be jumping.
(?): Would she be jumping?
Past future perfect tense merupakan pola kalimat yang menunjukkan suatu perbuatan yang akan telah dilakukan pada pasa lampau.
(+): S + would/should + have + V-3
(-): S + would/should + not + have + V-3
(?): would/should + S + have + V-3
(+): She would have come.
(-): She would not have come.
(?): Would she have come?
Future perfect countinuous tense merupakan pola kalimat untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa yang telah berlangsung sekian lama pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
(+): S + will + have + been + Verb 1-ing
(-): S + will not + have + been + Verb 1-ing
(?): will + S + have + been + Verb 1-ing
(+): He will have been sleeping.
(-): He will not have been sleeping.
(?): Will he have been sleeping?
Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan pola kalimat untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang akan sudah berlangsung dalam waktu lama pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
(+): S + would + have + been + Verb 1-ing
(-): S + would not + have + been + Verb 1-ing
(?): would + S + have + been + Verb 1-ing
(+): She would have been teaching.
(-): She would not have been teaching.
(?): Would she have been teaching?
Active voice
Active : Andine waters this plant every two days (Andine menyiram tanaman ini setiap dua hari).
Active : He met them yesterday (Ia bertemu mereka kemarin)
Active : She watered this plant this morning (Dia menyiram tanaman ini pagi ini)
Active : He has met them (Dia telah bertemu dengan mereka)
Active : She has watered this plant for 10 minutes.( Dia telah disiram tanaman ini selama 10 menit).
Active : He had met them before I came. ( Dia telah bertemu dengan mereka sebelum aku datang)
Active : She had watered this plant for 10 minutes when I got here (Dia telah menyiram tanaman ini selama 10 menit ketika aku di sini)
Active : He will meet them tomorrow (Ia akan bertemu mereka besok)
Active : She will water this plant this afternoon (Dia akan air tanaman ini siang ini)
Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week (Para petani akan panen tanaman minggu depan)
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow ( Ia akan telah bertemu dengan mereka sebelum aku sampai di sana besok)
Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon (Dia akan telah menyiram tanaman ini sebelum saya mendapatkan di sini siang ini)
Active : He would have met them ( Ia akan telah bertemu dengan mereka)
Active : She would have watered this plant (Dia akan memiliki menyiram tanaman ini)
Pasive voice
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days ( Tanaman ini disiram oleh dia setiap dua hari)
Passive : They were met by him yesterday ( Mereka bertemu dengan dia kemarin)
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning (Tanaman ini itu disiram oleh pagi ini)
Passive : They have been met by him (Mereka telah bertemu dengannya)
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 10 minutes (Tanaman ini telah telah disiram oleh dia selama 10 menit).
Passive : They had been met by him before I came (Mereka telah terpenuhi oleh dia sebelum aku datang)
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 10 minutes when I got here (Tanaman ini telah telah disiram oleh dia selama 10 menit ketika aku di sini)
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow (Mereka akan bertemu dengannya besok).
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon (Tanaman ini akan disiram oleh nya sore ini)
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week (Tanaman akan dipanen oleh petani minggu depan)
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow (Mereka akan telah dipenuhi oleh dia sebelum aku sampai di sana besok)
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon ( Tanaman ini akan telah disiram oleh dia sebelum mendapatkan di sini sore ini)
Passive : They would have been met by him (Mereka akan telah bertemu dengannya)
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her (Tanaman ini akan telah disiram olehnya)
.
Positive Degree
Contoh kalimat :
*Mother works as hard as father (Ibu bekerja sekeras ayah)
*You are as tall as your father ( Kamu setinggi ayahmu)
*Rio is as smart as his brother. ( Rio sepintar kakaknya )
*I can run as fast as flash ( Aku bisa berlari secepat kilat )
*I will handle this problem as carefully as possible. ( Aku akan menangani masalah ini sehati-hati mungkin)
*You must come as soon as possible. ( Kamu harus datang sesegera mungkin)
*Pick me as soon as possible ( Jemput aku sesegera mungkin )
*I will be as strong as you (are) ( Aku akan menjadi sekuat dirimu ). Primary auxiliary (are) didalam kurung boleh dihilangkan.
*Jono speaks as loud as I (did) yesterday (Jono berbicara sekeras aku kemarin)
*Resti is as beautiful as her mother was. ( Resti secantik ibunya dulu) Primary auxiliary (was) tidak boleh dihilangkan karena menyatakan tenses simple past.
*Geovani is not as kind as his sister. ( Geovani tidak sebaik kakaknya )
*Bromo is not as high as Semeru. ( Bromo tidak setinggi Semeru)
*The cow doesn't run as fast as the horse. (Sapi tidak berlari secepat kuda )
*Does he look as diligent as his father lately? (Apakah dia kelihatan serajin ayahnya akhir-akhir ini?)
*Is Irma as friendly as Armi ? ( Apakah Irma seramah Armi ? )
Comparative Degree
Contoh kalimat :
*He is more clever than I (am) ( Dia lebih pintar daripada saya )
*Lea is kind than her sibling. ( Lia lebih baik daripada saudara kandungnya )
*An elephant is bigger than a horse. ( Gajah lebih besar daripada kuda )
*My house is smaller than your house. ( Rumahku lebih kecil daripada rumahmu)
*Your friends are more than mine. (Teman-temanmu lebih banyak daripada teman-temanku)
*Be more careful . ( Lebih berhati-hatilah )
*Cheetah runs more quickly than Leopard ( Cetah berlari lebih kencang daripada macan tutul )
*Rony worked faster than anyone else ( Rony bekerja lebih cepat daripada yang lain )
*These shoes look more fashionable than those ones. ( Sepatu ini kelihatan lebih modern daripada yang lain )
*Keanu ate more slowly than his friend . ( Keanu makan lebih lambat daripada temannya )
*Diana has answered better than I. ( Diana sudah menjawab lebih baik daripada saya )
*This soup tastes saltier than this salad. ( Soup ini terasa lebih asin daripada salad ini )
*Aura Kasih is more interesting than Luna Maya ( Aura Kasih lebih menarik daripada Luna Maya )
*Budi studies more diligently than before. ( Budi belajar lebih rajin daripada sebelumnya )
Double Comparative
Contoh kalimat :
*The smaller, the cuter ( Semakin kecil, semakin lucu )
*The larger, the more expensive ( Semakin besar, semakin mahal )
*The richer, the stronger ( Semakin kaya, semakin kuat )
*The younger, the more creative ( Semakin muda , semakin kreatif )
*The older, the wiser ( Semakin tua semakin bijaksana )
*The darker , the colder ( Semakin gelap semakin dingin )
*When shall we leave ? The sooner, the better ( Kapan kita berangkat ? Lebih cepat lebih baik )
* Be like a rice tree, the higher, the benter. (Jadilah seperti padi, semakin tinggi semakin merunduk)
The Comparative (Adj/Adv-er) + S+ V , the comparative (Adj/Adv-er) + S + V
Contoh kalimat:
*The sooner he leaves, the happier I will feel ( Semakin cepat dia pergi, saya akan merasa semakin bahagia )
*The bigger the house is, the more expensive the price ( Semakin besar sebuah rumah, semakin mahal harganya )
The more + S + V, the comparative (Adj/Adv-er) + S + V
Contoh kalimat :
*The more you study, the cleverer you will become ( Semakin banyak anda belajar, anda akan menjadi semakin pandai )
*The more I study, the more I am confused /the more confused I am ( Semakin banyak saya belajar, semakin bingung saya )
* The faster she walk, the sooner she can arrive home. ( Semakin cepat dia berjalan , semakin segera dia bisa tiba di rumah )
*The more expensive the seller give the price of their merchandise, the fewer he will gain the customer. ( Semakin mahal pedagang memberikan harga barang dagangannya, semakin sedikit dia akan memperoleh pelanggan )
Gradual
Contoh kalimat :
*Agung is taller and taller ( Agung semakin lama semakin tinggi )
*More and more people come to Pare ( Semakin lama semakin banyak orang datang ke Pare )
*David read more and more books ( David membaca buku semakin lama semakin banyak )
*My sister is smarter and smarter ( Kakakku semakin lama semakin pandai )
*The day is getting darker and darker ( Hari semakin lama semakin gelap )
Comparative tanpa menggunakan than
Contoh kalimat :
*Sisca is the prettier of two nominees ( Sisca lebih cantik diantara 2 peserta )
*Julie is the more beautiful of the two twocontestant ( Julie lebih cantik diantara 2 kontestan)
*Of the two new secretaries, Rina is the more responsive ( Diantara dua sekretaris, Rina lebih sesuai )
*Of the two pens, the red one works better ( Diantara 2 bolpoin, yang merah bekerja lebih baik )
Superlative degree
Contoh kalimat :
*Nena is the most diligent in her class ( Nena adalah yang paling rajin di kelasnya )
*Paul spoke the most loudly yesterday ( Paul berbicara paling keras kemarin )
*What is the highest mount in Indonesia ? ( Gunung apa yang tertinggi di Indonesia ? )
*She made the biggest cake ever (Dia membuat kue terbesar sejak itu )*Who has done the duty the most quickly ? ( Siapa sudah mengerjakan tugas paling cepat ? )
*Is Rico the tallest boy in your class ? ( Apakah Rio cowok tertinggi di kelasmu ? )
b. Of the superlatif (Adj/Adv-est) + plural noun, S + V
Contoh kalimat :
*All of the greatest lakes , Michigan has American borders ( Diantara semua danau terbesar, Michigan memiliki perbatasan Amerika )
*One of the biggest island in Indonesia is Borneo ( Salah satu pulau terbesar di Indonesia adalh Borneo )
*Reza is one ot the smartes students in my periode.( Reza adalah satu diantara murid-murid di periode saya )
*Of the 3 girls , Jessica is the most beautiful ( Diantara 3 orang gadis itu , Jessica yang tercantik)
*Nuri is the most interesting of the 5 her friends ( Nuri yang paling menarik diantara 5 temannya itu )
*He is the bravest of them.(Dia adalah yang paling berani diantara mereka)
